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Configuring launch.json for C# debugging
The launch.json file is used to configure the debugger in Visual Studio Code.
Visual Studio Code generates a launch.json with almost all of the required information.
If your workspace has only one launchable project, the C# extension will offer to automatically generate this file.
If you missed this prompt, you can force the generation by executing the command .NET: Generate Assets for Build and Debug from the VS Code command palette.
The generated file contains two sections. One that configures debugging for launch and a second that configures debugging for attach.
If you have more than one launchable project, then you will need to modify your launch.json file by hand. Visual Studio Code will still generate a basic template, but you will need to fill in the 'program' field to point at the executable dll that you would like to debug.
Configurating VS Code's debugging behavior
PreLaunchTask
The preLaunchTask field runs the associated taskName in tasks.json before debugging your program. You can get the default build prelaunch task by executing the command Tasks: Configure Tasks Runner from the VS Code command palette.
This will create a task that runs dotnet build. You can read more about tasks at https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/tasks.
Program
The program field is set to the path of the application dll or .NET Core host executable to launch.
This property normally takes the form: "${workspaceFolder}/bin/Debug/<target-framework>/<project-name.dll>".
Example: "${workspaceFolder}/bin/Debug/netcoreapp1.1/MyProject.dll"
Where:
- <target-framework> is the framework that the debugged project is being built for. This is normally found in the project file as the 'TargetFramework' property.
- <project-name.dll> is the name of debugged project's build output dll. This is normally the same as the project file name but with a '.dll' extension.
Cwd
The working directory of the target process.
Args
These are the arguments that will be passed to your program.
Stop at Entry
If you need to stop at the entry point of the target, you can optionally set stopAtEntry to be "true".
Launch Browser
The launch browser field can be optionally added if you need to launch with a web browser. If there are web server dependencies in your project.json, the auto generated launch file will add launch browser for you. It will open with the default program to handle URLs.
Note that launchBrowser requires "console": "internalConsole", as the browser launcher scrapes the standard output of the target process to know when the web server has initialized itself.
Environment variables
Environment variables may be passed to your program using this schema:
"env": {
"myVariableName":"theValueGoesHere"
}
NOTE: Environment variables can also be configured through a ${cwd}/Properties/launchSettings.json file, which is useful for environment variables that should be set in all development scenarios -- when the project is started from the command line (dotnet run), from Visual Studio Code, or Visual Studio.
Example Properties/launchSettings.json file:
{
"profiles": {
"ProfileNameGoesHere": {
"commandName": "Project",
"environmentVariables": {
"myVariableName":"theValueGoesHere"
}
}
}
}
Console (terminal) window
The "console" setting controls what console (terminal) window the target app is launched into. It can be set to any of these values --
"internalConsole" (default) : the target process's console output (stdout/stderr) goes to the VS Code Debug Console. This is useful for executables that take their input from the network, files, etc. But this does NOT work for applications that want to read from the console (ex: Console.ReadLine).
"integratedTerminal" : the target process will run inside VS Code's integrated terminal. Click the 'Terminal' tab in the tab group beneath the editor to interact with your application. Alternatively add "internalConsoleOptions": "neverOpen" to make it so that the default foreground tab is the terminal tab.
"externalTerminal": the target process will run inside its own external terminal.
Source File Map
You can optionally configure a file by file mapping by providing map following this schema:
"sourceFileMap": {
"C:\\foo":"/home/me/foo"
}
Just My Code
You can optionally disable justMyCode by setting it to "false". You should disable Just My Code when you are trying to debug into a library that you pulled down which doesn't have symbols or is optimized.
"justMyCode":false
Just My Code is a set of features that makes it easier to focus on debugging your code by hiding some of the details of optimized libraries that you might be using, like the .NET Framework itself. The most important sub parts of this feature are --
- User-unhandled exceptions: automatically stop the debugger just before exceptions are about to be caught by the framework
- Just My Code stepping: when stepping, if framework code calls back to user code, automatically stop.
Require Exact Source
The debugger requires the pdb and source code to be exactly the same. To change this and disable the sources to be the same add:
"requireExactSource": false
Stepping into properties and operators
The debugger steps over properties and operators in managed code by default. In most cases, this provides a better debugging experience. To change this and enable stepping into properties or operators add:
"enableStepFiltering": false
Logging
You can optionally enable or disable messages that should be logged to the output window. The flags in the logging field are: 'exceptions', 'moduleLoad', 'programOutput', 'engineLogging', and 'browserStdOut'.
PipeTransport
If you need to have the debugger to connect to a remote computer using another executable to relay standard input and output bewteen VS Code and the .NET Core debugger backend (vsdbg), then add the pipeTransport field folloing this schema:
"pipeTransport": {
"pipeProgram": "ssh",
"pipeArgs": [ "-T", "ExampleAccount@ExampleTargetComputer" ],
"debuggerPath": "~/vsdbg/vsdbg",
"pipeCwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"quoteArgs": true
}
More information about pipe transport can be found here.
You can find information on configuring pipe transport for Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) here.
Operating System Specific Configurations
If there specific commands that need to be changed per operating system, you can use the fields: 'windows', 'osx', or 'linux'. You can replace any of the fields mentioned above for the specific operating system.
Suppress JIT Optimizations
The .NET Debugger supports the following option. If true, when an optimized module (.dll compiled in the Release configuration) loads in the target process, the debugger will ask the Just-In-Time compiler to generate code with optimizations disabled. The option defaults to false.
"suppressJITOptimizations": true
How optimizations work in .NET: If you are trying to debug code, it is easier when that code is NOT optimized. This is because when code is optimized, the compiler and runtime will make changes to the emitted CPU code so that it runs faster, but has a less direct mapping to original source code. This means that debuggers are frequently unable to tell you the value of local variables, and code stepping and breakpoints might not work as you expect.
Normally the Release build configuration creates optimized code and the Debug build configuration does not. The Optimize MSBuild property controls whether the compiler is told to optimize code.
In the .NET ecosystem, code is turned from source to CPU instructions in a two-step process: first, the C# compiler converts the text you type in to an intermediate binary form called MSIL and writes this out to .dll files. Later, the .NET Runtime converts this MSIL to CPU instructions. Both steps can optimize to some degree, but the second step performed by the .NET Runtime performs the more significant optimizations.
What does the option do: This option controls what happens when a DLL that was compiled with optimizations enabled loads inside of the target process. If this option is false (the default value), then when the .NET Runtime compiles the MSIL code into CPU code, it leaves the optimizations enabled. If the option is true, then the debugger requests that optimizations be disabled.
When should you use this option: This option should be used when you have downloaded dlls from another source, such as a nuget package, and you want to debug the code in this DLL. In order for this to work you must also find the symbol (.pdb) file for this DLL.
If you are only interested in debugging code you are building locally, it is best to leave this option false, as, in some cases, enabling this option will significantly slow down debugging. There are two reason for this slow down --
- Optimized code runs faster. If you are turning off optimizations for lots of code the time can add up.
- If you have Just My Code enabled, the debugger will not even try and load symbols for dlls which are optimized. Finding symbols can take a long time.
Limitations of this option: There are two situations where this option will NOT work:
1: In situations where you are attaching the debugger to an already running process, this option will have no effect on modules that were already loaded at the time the debugger was attached.
2: This option has no effect on dlls that have been pre-compiled (a.k.a ngen'ed) to native code. However, you can disable usage of pre-compiled code by starting the process with the environment variable 'COMPlus_ZapDisable' set to '1'. If you are launching under the debugger, this code be done by adding this to launch.json --
"env": {
"COMPlus_ZapDisable": "1"
}
Symbol Options
The symbolOptions element allows customization of how the debugger searches for symbols. Example:
"symbolOptions": {
"searchPaths": [
"~/src/MyOtherProject/bin/debug",
"https://my-companies-symbols-server"
],
"searchMicrosoftSymbolServer": true,
"cachePath": "/symcache",
"moduleFilter": {
"mode": "loadAllButExcluded",
"excludedModules": [ "DoNotLookForThisOne*.dll" ]
}
}
Properties:
searchPaths: Array of symbol server URLs (example: https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols) or directories (example: /build/symbols) to search for .pdb files. These directories will be searched in addition to the default locations -- next to the module and the path where the pdb was originally dropped to.
searchMicrosoftSymbolServer: If true the Microsoft Symbol server (https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols) is added to the symbols search path. If unspecified, this option defaults to false.
cachePath": Directory where symbols downloaded from symbol servers should be cached. If unspecified, on Windows the debugger will default to %TEMP%\SymbolCache, and on Linux and macOS the debugger will default to ~/.vsdbg/SymbolCache.
moduleFilter.mode: This value is either "loadAllButExcluded" or "loadOnlyIncluded". In "loadAllButExcluded" mode, the debugger loads symbols for all modules unless the module is in the 'excludedModules' array. In "loadOnlyIncluded" mode, the debugger will not attempt to load symbols for ANY module unless it is in the 'includedModules' array, or it is included through the 'includeSymbolsNextToModules' setting.
Properties for "loadAllButExcluded" mode:
moduleFilter.excludedModules: Array of modules that the debugger should NOT load symbols for. Wildcards (example: MyCompany.*.dll) are supported.
Properties for "loadOnlyIncluded" mode:
moduleFilter.includedModules: Array of modules that the debugger should load symbols for. Wildcards (example: MyCompany.*.dll) are supported.
moduleFilter.includeSymbolsNextToModules: If true, for any module NOT in the 'includedModules' array, the debugger will still check next to the module itself and the launching executable, but it will not check paths on the symbol search list. This option defaults to 'true'.
Source Link options
Source Link is a feature that makes it so that when you are debugging code that was built on another computer, such as code coming from a nuget package, the debugger can automatically bring up matching source code by downloading it from the web. To make this work, the .pdb files for the code you are debugging contains data that maps the source files in the DLL to a URL that the debugger can download from. More information about Source Link can be found at https://aka.ms/SourceLinkSpec.
The sourceLinkOptions element in launch.json allows customization of Source Link behavior by URL. It is a map from URL to Source Link options for that URL. Wildcards are supported in the URL name. Currently the only customization is if Source Link is enabled for that URL, but more options may be added in the future.
Example:
"sourceLinkOptions": {
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/*": { "enabled": true },
"*": { "enabled": false }
}
This example will enable Source Link for GitHub URLs, and disable Source Link for all other URLs.
The default value of this option is to enable Source Link for all URLs. Similarly, Source Link will be enabled for any URL that doesn't have a rule in the sourceLinkOptions map.
To disable Source Link for all URLs, use "sourceLinkOptions": { "*": { "enabled": false } }.
If multiple entries cover the same URL, the more specific entry (the entry with the longer string length) will be used.
Currently Source Link only works for source files that can be accessed without authentication. So, for example, the debugger can download source files from open source projects on GitHub, but it cannot download from private GitHub repos, or from Visual Studio Team Services.